Scientists seek actively to expand the genetic code.In addition, there are required orthogonal pairs of TRNA and aminoacyl-TRNA-synthetase (those, whose cells do not produce, and are not “involved” in the natural processes of protein synthesis, but they are intended only for work on artificial amino acids). Genetic engineering with genome expansion has extensive capacities to create and explore life by the potentially completely new bases, which do not exist yet in nature.